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2013年11月7日 星期四

《靜思語》




《慈濟靜思語》
全集
 
中英對照
 (
證嚴法師)
Tzu-Chi's Aphorisms In Chinese and English
(Master Cheng Yen)



1. 善於利用時間的人,無時無刻不是修持參禪的好機緣。
For someone who makes good use of time every moment is good for meditation.

2. 心平靜,當下就是淨土。
When the mind is pure and tranquil, we have arrived in Pureland.

3. 真正的心好,應該是非常自然、沒有一絲一毫地考慮,馬上伸出援手去扶助別人。
True goodness is to reach out naturally without the slightest hesitation.

4. 忘功不忘過,忘怨不忘恩。
Forget our achievements, but not our mistakes.  Forget the trespasses of others, but not the kindness they have shown us.

5. 轉一個角度來看世界,世界無限寬大;換一種立場待人處事,人事無不輕安。
When you view the world from a different perspective, the world becomes vast and wide.  Try shifting your perspective in everything you do, and all will be light and easy.

6. 布施若不是真正心存喜捨,則非但沒有功德,反增煩惱。
To give without joy, not only carries no merit, but engenders afflictions.

7. 起心動念無不是業,開口動舌、舉手投足無不是罪。
Every thought, every word, every action, is the origin of karma and misfortune.

8. 不要小看自己,因為人有無限的可能。
Do not underestimate yourself, everyone has unlimited potential.

9. 人人本具菩薩心,也具有和菩薩同等的精神與力量。
Everyone has a Buddha nature and a Bodhisattva’s strength and spirit.

10. 一個人面臨絕境時,還能心存感恩很是難得。永保感恩心付出的人,比較不會陷入絕境。
It is difficult to remain grateful in destitution, but a person, who does good with a grateful heart, is less likely to fall into destitution.

11. 「戒」是不起心動念;「定」是臨危不亂;「慧」能運心轉境。
Buddhism speaks of developing discipline, meditative concentration, and wisdom. Discipline is to, not give rise to, unwholesome thoughts.  Meditative concentration is to be calm under adversity.  Wisdom is to take control of our mind and change our destiny.

12. 一個人的快樂,不是因為他擁有得多,而是因為他計較得少。
Happiness is not about how much we possess, but how little we bicker over trivials.

13. 心無邪思,意無邪念,即常自在;心正則邪不侵。
If our thoughts are upright and wholesome, we can always be at ease and evil cannot come near.

14. 理想要放在遠方,腳步要落實現在。
Though we aim high, we must take solid and concrete steps here and now.

15. 理直要氣和,得理要饒人。
Remain soft-spoken and forgiving, even when reason is on your side.

16. 心迷就會苦,心悟就自在。
A confused mind suffers agony; an enlightened mind feels at ease.

17. 陪伴父母要歡喜,而不是應付責任。
Giving time to our parents is about spending time with them with joy not merely out of a sense of duty.

18. 人的心地就像一畝田,若沒有播下好的種子,也長不出好的果實來。
Our mind is like a garden; if no good seeds are sown, nothing good will grow from it.

19. 好事要提得起,是非要放得下,成就別人即是成就自己。
Take up good deeds and let go of hard feelings.  In helping others to fulfill their goal, we too gain.

20. 人生為人群付出多少,就得多少踏實感。
The more we give, the more grounded we will feel.

21. 千里之路,必須從第一步開始;聖人的境域,也是自凡夫起步。
The journey of a thousand miles begins with one first step.  Even the saint was once an ordinary human being.

22. 生氣,就是拿別人的過錯來懲罰自己。
Getting angry is actually to punish yourself with other people’s mistakes.

23. 每天都是生命中的一張白紙,每一個人、每一件事都是一篇生動的文章。
Every single day is like a blank page of our life.  Every person we meet, every event we participate in is a lively essay.

24. 遭受別人批評時,先問自心是否無愧?無愧則心安。
In the face of criticism, ask if your conscience is clear.  With a clear conscience, you will have peace of mind.

25. 口說好話,心想好意,身行好事,腳走好路。
Speak kind words, think good thoughts, do good deeds, and walk the right path.

26. 感恩他人就是美化自己。
In showing gratitude, we become a more beautiful person.

27. 有知足心,才懂感恩;有感恩,才會善解;有善解,才能凡事包容。
Being content helps us to be appreciative.  Having gratitude helps us to see things in their positive light.  Being this way, we will become a more tolerant and understanding person.

28. 學佛,就是要學會及時改正錯誤的觀念。
Practicing Buddhism is about learning to promptly correct our wrong views.

29. 不要爭面子,爭來的是假的,培養來的才是真的。
It is meaningless to demand others’ respect.  Only the respect inspired by the goodness of our character is real and true.

30. 人生幾十年的成就,都是由每一天的言行累積而成。所以,要照顧好每一天的言行。
Our accomplishments in life are built on the words and actions, we make every day — thus we must be discreet in our daily speech and behavior.

31. 人生如高空走索,應專心一意往前看、向前走,不要回頭空懊惱。
Life is like walking on a tightrope.  Walk straight ahead and concentrate on what’s in front of us; to keep looking back does us no good.

32. 聽話、說話要完整,不要只揀前一句、後一句,合起來剛好尖尖的刺進人心。
Be clear and complete when you talk and listen.  Do not pick one sentence here and one sentence there; or you may by accident intensely hurt someone.

33. 人生若精神文化充足富有,縱使物質生活平淡,也會感到樂在其中。
If we are spiritually rich and fulfilled, we will be happy, even if materialistically, our life is basic and simple.

34. 什麼都沒做,就是空過的人生;若能不斷付出利益人群,就是大好的人生。
If we don’t do something meaningful, our life will pass by in vain.  But if we work unceasingly for the betterment of mankind, ours will be a beautiful life.

35. 發心容易,恆心難持;光說不練,無法體悟真理、實踐道法。
To begin is easy to persist difficult.  Talking about truth without practicing it leads neither to enlightenment nor realizing the Dharma.

36. 感恩可以打開我們的心結,並且啟發我們的悲心。
Having gratitude can help us dissolve our inner afflictions and waken our compassion.

37. 以歡喜心做事,即使忙碌卻不感到辛苦,反而覺得甘甜。
If we work with a joyful heart, no matter how tiring and demanding the task is, we will be rewarded with a sense of bliss and joy.

38. 好事,需要你、我、他共同來成就。所以,不要有你、我、他的成見。
Good actions require everyone’s cooperation, so let’s not cling to personal biases.

39. 能付出愛心就是福,能消除煩惱就是慧。
The ability to love is a blessing.  The ability to eliminate afflictions is wisdom.

40. 要擁有很可愛的人生,就要自己先去愛人。
We must first love others to have a beautiful life.

41. 以親切的愛心去關懷別人,這分愛心便是造福的種子。
When we care for others with deep sincerity, our heart of love is the noble seed that brings great blessings.

42. 要作個受歡迎的人,作個被愛的人,就必須先照顧好自我的聲和色。
To win the hearts of others and always be welcomed, we must be cautious of our tone of voice and facial expression.

43. 行善是本分、付出無所求,不執著「善有善報」,自然輕安自在。
It is our duty, as a human being, to do good.  Expecting nothing in return, our heart will naturally enjoy peace and ease.

44. 退讓一步以成全別人,即是修養,即是修行。
Taking a step back to accommodate others refines our character and nurtures spiritual growth.

45. 心中有信,願力無窮;心中無私,其福無量。
With faith, we will have unlimited strength.  With selfless intentions, we will be, showered with blessings.

46. 一般人常言:要爭這一口氣。其實真正有功夫的人,是把這口氣嚥下去。
Most people fight for the sake of pride but the wise can let go.

47. 把貪念轉為滿足,把滿足化作慈悲。
Transform greed into contentment and contentment into compassion.

48. 我們要接受天下人、事、物的磨練,方能成為一個堅強的人。
Only by undergoing the trials and challenges of human affairs do we become strong and resilient.

49. 處理事情,感情要蘊藏在理智中;與人相處,則要把感情表現在理智上。
In handling matters, let your mind influence your heart.  In dealing with people, let your heart influence your mind.

50. 有一分心,就有一分力量。
When we have the will, we will have strength.

51. 人人本有清淨純真的佛性,只因煩惱無明而遮蔽了。
We all have a pure and clear Buddha nature obscured by afflictions and delusion.

52. 菩薩不是土塑木刻的形象,真正的菩薩能做事、能說話、能吃飯,能尋聲救苦隨處現身。
Bodhisattvas are not idols made of wood; real Bodhisattvas are people who eat, talk, work, and relieve suffering in times of need.

53. 謊言像一朵盛開的鮮花,外表美麗,生命短暫。
Lies are like flowers in full bloom; they look beautiful, but do not last long.

54. 最平淡的日子,心裡最安定。
The most simple and ordinary life brings the most inner peace.

55. 發脾氣是短暫的發瘋。
Getting mad is like a bout of temporary insanity.

56. 以愛待人、以慈對人,則不惹人怨,亦能結好緣。
When we treat others with loving-kindness, we will not stir up ill feelings and we will be able to form good relationships with others.

57. 人既然生在世間,就不能離開眾緣,修行也不能離群隱世。
Born into this world, we are always with people; hence spiritual cultivation cannot be achieved in isolation.

58. 做人固然不應將自我看得太重,但也不要自輕己靈。
Do not think too highly of yourself and yet never underestimate your ability.

59. 時時感恩,處處感恩,人人感恩,事事感恩。
Be grateful always for everything and everyone at every moment.

60. 平安就是福,助人就是慧。
Being safe and well is a real blessing and helping others willingly is a mark of wisdom.

61. 愛不是要求對方,而是要由自身付出,無條件地奉獻,做到事事圓滿。
Love is not about asking of the other person, but about giving of ourselves unconditionally, so that we can help things become perfect and complete.

62. 「不斷地付出就是在造福,面對人事就是在修慧」,若能福慧雙具,就是慧命增長。
Through continuous giving, we create blessings.  Through the handling of human affairs, we cultivate wisdom.  By cultivating, blessings and wisdom, we grow spiritually.

63. 合心為善,和氣付出,互愛讚歎,伸手協力。
Let us work together for the common good in harmony and with mutual love for one another.

64. 一個缺口的杯子,如果換一個角度看它,它仍然是圓的。
Chipped though the cup may be if you look at the cup from a different angle, you’ll see that the rest of it is still perfect.

65. 珍惜每一分、每一秒,踏踏實實為社會付出愛。
Treasure each and every moment to share one’s love and serve society through concrete action.

66. 一個人不怕錯,就怕不改過,改過並不難。
Fear not the making of mistakes but rather the reluctance to correct ourselves.  It is in fact not that difficult for us to change.

67. 人生若能減低欲望,生活上便沒有什麼值得計較!
If we can reduce our desires, there is nothing really worth getting upset about.

68. 人最難看得見的,就是自己
The hardest thing for people to see is themselves.

69. 煩惱就像一條毒蛇睡在人的心中,一觸動它,蛇就會咬人。
Worry is a poisonous snake that sleeps in the mind; the moment you disturb it, the snake will bite you.

70. 雙手健全卻不肯做事的人,等於是沒有手的人。
To have two good hands and refuse to work is no different than having no hands at all.

71. 做事踏實,心就穩;心穩,路就穩。
When we are honest and grounded in what we do, our mind will be stable; then we can walk steadily on life’s path and our path will be less bumpy.

72. 凡事對機即是好。
The best medicine is that which can treat the conditions at hand.

73. 人生的價值在於功能而不是形象,形象沒有價值。
The value of our life lies in what we offer and contribute rather than having a good image.  Image itself has little lasting value.

74. 做好事,不在於一定做多少,應該做的就要做。
The key to doing well is not the amount done but doing whatever should be done.

75. 增一分感恩心,即減一分猜疑心。
With more gratitude, we will have fewer misgivings.

76. 對別人不要計較,對自己要好好檢討。
Be forgiving and less critical of others but be strict and objective in examining ourselves.

77. 人生最踏實的事,是今日此時有多少力量就儘快付出。
Our life is most grounded when we are contributing whatever we can at each and every opportunity.

78. 不能低頭的人,是因為一再回顧過去的成就。
People who are preoccupied with past achievements cannot humble themselves.

79. 每天都是一本書,所遇到的每個人,都是一篇文章。
Every day is like the unfolding of a book each person a lively essay.

80. 勇氣不可失,信心不可無,世間沒有不能與無能的事,只怕──不肯。
Never lose courage.  Never lose faith.  Nothing in this world is impossible when you are determined.

81. 多做好事,才能開闊心靈的天地。
Nurture the habit of giving and our world will become vast.

82. 解除人間的災難,一定要從改善人心做起。
To end the disasters of the world, we must begin by transforming human hearts and minds.

83. 面對業力不要埋怨,要用寬諒和樂的心來代替埋怨。
Do not complain in the face of bad karmic retribution.  Be forgiving and accommodating instead of complaining.

84. 對人有疑心,就無法愛人;對人有疑念,就無法原諒人;對人有疑惑,就無法相信人。
We cannot love when filled with suspicion.  We cannot forgive when unwilling to believe.  We cannot trust when filled with doubts.

85. 美滿的人生,不在物質、權勢、名利及地位,而在人與人之間的關愛與情誼。
A fulfilling life is not preoccupied with material objects, prestige, or power.  It is a life that is filled with true friendships, sharing, and caring for each other.

86. 凡夫追求財物,聖人追求真理。
Ordinary people seek material wealth.  A saintly person seeks Truth.

87. 地上種了菜,就不易長草;心中有善,就不易生惡。
Weeds do not easily grow in a field planted with vegetables.  Evil does not easily arise in a heart filled with goodness.

88. 要有過程,不要有手段;要有目標,不要有目的。
In doing tasks, there should be procedures without maneuvers and goals without hidden agendas.

89. 心量大福報就大。
The greater our generosity, the greater our blessings be.

90. 有所求的愛,是無法永久存在的。能夠永久存在的,是那分無形、無染且無求的愛。
A love with conditions attached would never last.  Only pure, unconditional love will last forever.

91. 欣賞別人即是莊嚴自己。
Because seeing virtue in others is in itself a virtue in appreciating others, we in fact dignify ourselves.

92. 布施就好比汲取井水,唯有不斷地布施,才能造福、增福。
Giving is like drawing water from a well as water is drawn more flows in.  It is by giving that blessings continue to flow in.

93. 智慧是從生活、人事的磨練而得來。
It is through learning from the trials of everyday life and human affairs that wisdom is attained.

94. 不是什麼都不理就叫無爭,而是要與人合心、和氣、互愛、協力。
Being non-contentious is not about sitting back and just letting things be, but about working toward the same goal with mutual love and harmony.

95. 把自己的本分事做好,歡喜接受所面臨的一切,過一分鐘即消一分災。
When we faithfully fulfill our duties and face all challenges with acceptance and joy, we dissolve a measure of our negative karma with every passing moment.

96. 社會的進步不是用喊出來的,是做出來的。
Progress in society comes through action, not through loud protest.

97. 聽到別人批評,要自我反省;有錯就改,沒錯則歡喜包容。
For the compassionate, there is no such thing as an enemy for the wise, there is no arising of affliction.

98. 福人居福地,不是福地福人居。
Blessed is a land inhabited by people who do good for it is the people who make the land blessed.

99. 想要家庭吉祥、和睦,就應該常常起歡喜心,天天為自己的家庭祝福。
To have a warm and happy family, we should nurture a heart of joy and shower our family with blessings.

100. 真正的禪,是在日常生活中不起煩惱妄想。
True meditation is to calm the restless mind in everyday living.

101. 生命無常,慧命永存;愛心無涯,精神常在。
Transient though life may be one’s contributions will live on as love knows no boundaries, its spirit will always remain.

102. 遭受別人批評時,先問自心是否無愧?無愧則心安。
In the face of criticism ask if your conscience is clear.  With a clear conscience, you will have peace of mind.

103. 若有人扯後腿,要心存感恩。沒有人「扯」,就練不出腿勁。
Be grateful when people try to hold you back for without them, you would not develop the strength that enables you to move forward.

104. 即使已達智慧圓融,更應含蓄謙虛,像稻穗一樣,米粒愈飽滿垂得愈低。
Those who have great wisdom must all the more be humble and unassuming, just like the rice stalk that bows under the weight of ripe grain.

105. 心如鏡。雖外在景物不斷轉變,鏡面卻不會轉動,此即境轉而心不轉。
Let our mind be like a mirror, while the images reflected are constantly changing, the mirror itself remains unchanged.

106. 為人處事要『小心』,不要『小心眼』。
Be careful and mindful when dealing with others, but do not be narrow-minded.

107. 無量功德是在日積月累中,分毫累積聚集而成。
All merits and virtues are, in fact, accrued bit by bit over time.

108. 聽到好話要感恩,聽到壞話要善解。
Appreciate a compliment and face unkind words with understanding.

109. 天上最美是星星,人間最美是溫情。
Most beautiful in the sky are the stars.  Most beautiful on Earth is human warmth and love.

110. 話多不如話少,話少不如話好。
It is better to speak less and best to speak kindly.

111. 作人要有踏實感,不要只有成就感。踏踏實實地做人,心中多舒服 
Be down-to-earth and well-grounded in life instead of seeking only a sense of accomplishment.  We feel such peace when we lead a well-grounded life.


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2013年11月1日 星期五

最上乘論




最上乘論

弘忍禪師著

注:此經出自《大藏經》第48

凡趣聖道悟解真宗,修心要論,若其不護淨者,一切行無由取見;願善知識如有寫者,用心無令脫錯,恐誤後人。

夫修道之本體,須識當身;心本來清淨,不生不滅無有分別,自性圓滿,清淨之心,此是本師,乃勝念十方諸佛。

問曰:何知自心本來清淨?

答曰:十地經云:眾生身中有金剛佛性,猶如日輪,體明圓滿,廣大無邊;只為五陰黑雲之所覆,如瓶內燈光,不能照輝。譬如世間雲霧,八方俱起,天下陰闇。日豈爛也,何故無光?光元不壞,只為雲霧所覆;一切眾生清淨之心,亦復如是。只為攀緣妄念煩惱諸見,黑雲所覆,但能凝然守心,妄念不生,涅槃法自然顯現。故知自心,本來清淨。

問曰:何知自心本來不生不滅?

答曰:維摩經云:如、無有生,如、無有滅。如者、真如佛性,自性清淨。清淨者,心之原也。真如本有,不從緣生。又云:一切眾生,皆如也,眾賢聖亦如也;一切眾生者,即我等是也;眾賢聖者,即諸佛是也。名相雖別,身中真如法性,並同不生不滅。故言皆如也。故知自心本來不生不滅。

問曰:何名自心為本師?

答曰:此真心者,自然而有,不從外來,不屬於修。於三世中,所有至親莫過自守於心。若識心者,守之則到彼岸。迷心者,棄之則墮三塗。故知三世諸佛以自心為本師。故論云:了然守心,則妄念不起則是無生,故知心是本師。

問曰:何名自心勝念彼佛?

答曰:常念彼佛,不免生死;守我本心,則到彼岸。金剛經云:若以色見我,以音聲求我,是人行邪道,不能見如來。故云:守本真心勝念他佛。又云:勝者只是約行勸人之語,其實究竟果體平等無二。

問曰:眾生與佛真體既同,何故謂諸佛不生不滅,受無量快樂,自在無礙。我等眾生,墮生死中,受種種苦耶?

答曰:十方諸佛,悟達法性,皆自然照,燎於心源,妄想不生,正念不失,我所心滅,故不得受生死。不生死故,即畢竟寂滅。故知萬樂自歸。一切眾生迷於真性,不識心本,種種妄緣,不修正念,故即憎愛心起。以憎愛故,則心器破漏;心器破漏故,即有生死;有生死故,則諸苦自現。心王經云:真如佛性,沒在知見;六識海中,沉淪生死,不得解脫。努力會是,守本真心,妄念不生,我所心滅,自然與佛平等無二。

問曰:真如法性,同一無二;迷應俱迷,悟應俱悟。何故佛覺性,眾生昏迷,因何故然?

答曰:自此已上,入不思議分,非凡所及;識心故悟,失性故迷;緣合即合,說不可定;但信真諦,守自本心。故維摩經云:無自性、無他性,法本無生,今即無滅。此悟即離二邊,入無分別智。若解此義,但於行知法要,守心第一。此守心者,乃是涅槃之根本,入道之要門,十二部經之宗,三世諸佛之祖。

問曰:何知守本真心,是涅槃之根本?

答曰:涅槃者,體是寂滅,無為安樂;我心既是真心,妄想則斷;妄想斷故,則具正念;正念具故,寂照智生;寂照智生故,窮達法性;窮達法性故,則得涅槃。故知守本真心,是涅槃之根本。

問曰:何知守本真心,是入道之要門?

答曰:乃至舉一手爪,畫佛形像,或造恆沙功德者;只是佛為教導無智慧眾生,作當來勝報之業,及見佛之因。若願自早成佛者,會是守本真心。三世諸佛,無量無邊,若有一人不守真心得成佛者,無有是處。故經云:制心一處,無事不辦。故知守本真心,是入道之要門也。

問曰:何知守本真心,是十二部經之宗?

答曰:如來於一切經中,說一切罪福,一切因緣果報;或引一切山河大地草木等,種種雜物,起無量無邊譬喻;或現無量神通,種種變化者;只是佛為教導無智慧眾生,有種種欲心,心行萬差。是故如來隨其心門引入一乘。我既體知眾生佛性,本來清淨,如雲底日,但了然守本真心,妄念雲盡,慧日即現:何須更多學知見,所生死苦。一切義理及三世之事,譬如磨鏡,塵盡明自然現。則今於無明心中學得者,終是不堪。若能了然不失正念,無為心中學得者,此是真學。雖言真學,竟無所學。何以故?我及涅槃,二皆空故。更無二無一,故無所學。法性雖空,要須了然守本真心;妄念不生,我所心滅。故涅槃經云:知佛不說法者,是名具足多聞。故知求本真心,是十二部經之宗也。

問曰:何知守本真心,是三世諸佛之祖?

答曰:三世諸佛,皆從心性中生。先守真心,妄念不生,我所心滅,後得成佛。故知守本真心,是三世諸佛之祖也。上來四種問答,若欲廣說何窮!吾今望得汝自識本心是佛,是故殷懃勸汝。千經萬論,莫過守本真心是要也。吾今努力按法華經,示汝大車寶藏明珠妙藥等物,汝自不取、不服、窮苦奈何!會是妄念不生,我所心滅,一切功德,自然圓滿,不假外求,歸生死苦。於一切處,正念察心,莫愛現在樂,種未來苦;自誑誑他,不脫生死。努力努力!今雖無常,共作當來成佛之因;莫使三世虛度,枉喪功夫。經云:常處地獄,如遊園觀;在餘惡道,如己舍宅。我等眾生,今現如此,不覺不知,驚怖煞人,了無出心。奇哉奇哉!若有初心學坐禪者,依觀無量壽經,端坐正念,閉目合口,心前平視,隨意近遠;作一「日」想,守真心念念莫住,即善調氣息。莫使乍麤乍細則令人成病苦。夜坐禪時,或見一切善惡境界,或入青黃赤白等諸三昧,或見身出大光明,或見如來身相,或見種種變化;但知攝心莫著,並皆是空,妄想而見也。經云:十方國土,皆如虛空,三界虛幻,唯是一心作。若不得定,不見一切境界者,亦不須怪。但於行住坐臥中,常了然守本真心,會是妄念不生,我所心滅。一切萬法不出自心,所以諸佛廣說,如許多言教譬喻者,只為眾生行行不同,遂使教門差別。其實八萬四千法門,三乘八道位體,七十二賢行宗,莫過自心是本也。若能自識本心,念念磨鍊;莫住者,即自見佛性也。於念念中,常供養十方恆沙諸佛。十二部經,念念常轉。若了此心源者一切心義自現,一切願具足一切行滿,一切皆辦,不受後有。會是妄念不生,我所心滅,捨此身已,定得無生,不可思議。努力莫造作,如此真實不妄語,難可得聞,聞而能行者,恆沙眾中,莫過有一。行而能到者,億萬劫中,希有一人。好好自安自靜,善調諸根,就視心源。恆令照燎清淨,勿令無記心生。

問曰:何名無記心?

答曰:諸攝心人為緣外境麤心小息,內鍊真心;心未清淨時,於行住坐臥中,恆懲意看心,猶未能了了清淨、獨照心源,是名無記心也。亦是漏心,猶不免生死大病,況復總不守真心者;是人沈沒生死苦海,何日得出?可憐!努力努力!經云:眾生若情誠不內發者,於三世縱值恆沙諸佛無所能為。經云:眾生識心自度,佛不能度眾生。若佛能度眾生者,過去諸佛恆沙無量,何故我等不成佛也?只是情誠不自內發,是故沉沒苦海。努力努力!勤求本心,勿令妄漏。過去不知,已過亦不及;今身現在,有遇得聞妙法,分明相勸,決解此語,了知守心,是第一道。不肯發至誠心,求願成佛,受無量自在快樂,乃始轟轟隨俗貪求名利,當來墮大地獄中,受種種苦惱,將何所及。奈何奈何!努力努力!但能著破衣飧麤食,了然守本真心,佯癡不解語,最省氣力,而能有功,是大精進人也。世間迷人不解此理,於無明心中,多涉艱辛,廣修相善,望得解脫,乃歸生死。若了然不失正念,而度眾生者,是有力菩薩。分明語汝等,守心第一,若不勤守者,甚癡人也。不肯現在一生忍苦,欲得當來萬劫受殃,聽汝更不知何囑?八風吹不動者,真是珍寶山也。若知果體者,但對於萬境起恆沙作用,巧辯若流,應病與藥,而能妄念不生,我所心滅者,真是出世丈夫;如來在日,歎何可盡!吾說此言者,至心勸汝,不生妄念,我所心滅,則是出世之士。

問曰:云何是我所心滅?

答曰:為有小許勝他之心,自念我能如此者,是我所心,涅槃中病故。涅槃經曰:譬如虛空,能容萬物,而此虛空不自念言我能含容如是。此喻我所心滅。趣金剛三昧。

問曰:諸行人求真常寂者,只樂世間無常麤善,不樂第一義諦真常妙善;其理未見,只欲發心緣義,遂思覺心起,則是漏心;只欲亡心,則是無明昏住。又不當理,只欲不止,心不緣義,即惡取空,雖受人身,行畜生行;爾時無有定慧方便,而不能解了,明見佛性。只是行人沉沒之處,若為超得到無餘涅槃,願示真心。

答曰:會是信心具足,志願成就,緩緩靜心,更重教汝;好自閑靜身心,一切無所攀緣,端坐正念,善調氣息;懲其心不在內、不在外、不在中間,好好如如,穩看看熟,則了見此心識流動,猶如水流,陽焰曄曄不住。既見此識時唯是不內不外,緩緩如如,穩看看熟,則返覆銷融,虛凝湛住。其此流動之識,颯然自滅。滅此識者,乃是滅十地菩薩眾中障惑。此識滅已,其心即虛,凝寂淡泊,皎潔泰然;吾更不能說其形狀。汝若欲得者,取涅槃經第三卷中,金剛身品,及維摩經第三卷見阿

(音同觸ㄔㄨˋ)佛品,緩緩尋思,細心搜撿熟看,若此經熟,實得能於行住坐臥,及對五欲八風,不失此心者,是人梵行已立,所作已辦,究竟不受生死之身。五欲者:色聲香味觸。八風者:利衰毀譽稱譏苦樂。此是行人磨鍊佛性處,甚莫怪,今身不得自在。經曰:世間無佛住處,菩薩不得現用。要脫此報身,眾生過去根有利鈍,不可判;上者一念間,下者無量劫。若有力時,隨眾生性,起菩薩善根,自利利他,莊嚴佛土。要須了四依,乃窮實相。若依文執,則失真宗。諸比丘!汝等學他出家修道,此是出家,出生死枷,是名出家。正念具足,修道得成,乃至解身支節,臨命終時,不失正念,即得成佛。弟子上來集此論者,直以信心依文取義,作如是說,實非了了證知。若乘聖理者,願懺悔除滅;若當聖道者,迴施眾生,願皆識本心,一時成佛。聞者努力,當來成佛,願在前度我門徒。

問曰:此論從首至末,皆顯自心是道,未知果行二門,是何門攝?

答曰:此論顯一乘為宗。然其至意,導迷趣解,自免生死,乃能度人。直言自利,不說他利,約行門攝。若有人依文行者,即在前成佛。若我誑汝,當來墮十八地獄,指天地為誓,若不信我,世世被虎狼所食。

最上乘論一卷終

  《最上乘論》,禪宗五祖弘忍大師唯一著述,乃見性者指示成佛之捷徑,大乘師滿足眾願之醍醐。此論開門見山,直趨第一義諦;鞭辟入裡,徑指涅盤彼岸;遠譬近喻,施設種種方便;玄問擬答,啟迪芸芸眾生。佛不直接度人,行者識心自度。佛若能度眾生,過去諸佛,量如恒沙,何故我等,不成佛耶?論據何等充分!三世一切諸佛,皆從心性出生,先守真心,妄念不生,我所心滅,後得成佛。故知守本真心,乃三世諸佛之祖。說理多麼雄辯!其禪定要點及觀心方法,只寥寥數語,便和盤托出:閒靜身心,無所攀緣,端坐正念,善調氣息,內外中間,無處征心。好好如如,穩看看熟,則了見此心識流動,猶如水流、陽焰,曄曄不住。既見此識時,唯是不內不外,緩緩如如,穩看看熟,則反復銷熔,虛凝湛住,其此流動之識,颯然自滅。滅此識者,乃是滅十地菩薩眾中障惑。此識滅已,其心即虛,凝寂淡泊,皎潔泰然。如此超凡入聖之描述,若非圓解妙心、神來之筆,焉能至此?!

  此論收於《大正藏》第四十八冊,內題為《凡趣聖道悟解真宗修心要論》。此論之內容,共分果、行二門,借十四條問答方式,論釋自心本來清淨,不生不滅,眾生與佛,同源一體,持守本心,為涅盤根本、入道要門,及其攝屬果、行二門之情形。所引經典有《十地經》、《維摩經》、《金剛經》、《心王經》、《涅盤經》、《法華經》、《觀無量壽經》等。

  此論之敦煌本共有八部,斯坦因發現者編號為二六六九、三五五八、四六四,伯希和發現者編號為三四三四、三五五九,北京字四一本、日本龍谷大學二本,其中,或題為《蘄州忍和尚導凡趣聖悟解脫宗修心要論》,或名曰《一乘顯自心論》,其一部收於《少室逸書》中,與日本妙嚴尼複刻之正德本相比,在文字上略有出入。此外,隆熙二年(1908),朝鮮梵魚寺開版之《禪門撮要》卷上亦載錄此論。

弘忍大滿禪師

(西天卅二祖,東土五祖)AD602-675

  唐代僧。蘄州(湖北蘄春)黃梅人,俗姓周,本為破頭山中之栽松道者,嘗向四祖道信請法,四祖言其已老,縱使得法,亦不能弘傳。師聽即去,至一水邊,見一女子,即想寄宿,女向師曰仍須父兄應允使可行,師遂告此女子言,只要首肯,即敢行,女首肯,師即回,女歸輒孕,女父母大惡,逐之,女無所歸,日傭紡里中,夕止於眾館之下,後生一子,即師,以為不祥,因拋濁港中。明日見之,泝流而上,氣體鮮明,遂舉之。成童後隨母乞食,里人呼為無姓兒。

  七歲時隨四祖道信出家於蘄州黃梅雙峰山東山寺,窮研頓漸之旨,得其心傳。師之法相莊嚴,曾有智者見之,歎曰:「此子缺七種相,不逮如來。」足見師已具足如來二十五相。唐永徽二年(651)道信入寂,師承法席,世稱「五祖黃梅」,咸亨二年(671)傳法於六祖慧能。

  本來禪宗自達磨祖師東來,向以楞伽經為弘法之依歸,自五祖始,乃以金剛經弘傳世人,六祖慧能更因聽聞金剛經而有省。中國禪宗自初祖達摩至五祖之傳承,為後世禪宗各宗派所承認,弘忍繼之發揚而更興盛,時人謂其禪風為「東山法門」,以徹悟心性本源為宗,守本真心為參學之要。

  師之弟子除六祖慧能外,尚有神秀大師,因弘法之地方不同,故後稱「北神秀,南慧能」。禪宗並自慧能起走向普傳期。

  師於上元二年忽告眾曰:「吾今事畢,時可行矣。」即入室,安坐而逝。壽七十有四。建塔于黃梅之東山。代宗謚大滿禪師、法雨之塔,有《五祖弘忍大師最上乘論》一卷傳世。

佛法中怎樣解答最上乘論

佛學大詞典 最上乘論解釋如下:

【最上乘論】

  全一卷。唐代弘忍述。論述守一己之心為修道之要門。收于大正藏第四十八冊。內題為凡趣聖道悟解真宗修心要論。此論內容共分果、行二門,藉十四條問答方式,論釋有關自心本來清淨、不生不滅、本師、眾生與佛同體、持守本真之心為涅槃之根本、入道之要門、十二部經之宗、三世諸佛之祖,及無記心、我所心滅、真心等之意義,及其攝屬果、行二門之情形。所引典籍有十地經、維摩經、金剛經、心王經、涅槃經、法華經、觀無量壽經等。

 此論之敦煌本共有八部(史坦因發現者編號二六六九、三五五八、四六四。伯希和發現者編號三四三四、三五五九、北京宇四、日本龍谷大學二本),其中,或題為蘄州忍和尚導凡趣聖悟解脫宗修心要論,或題為一乘顯自心論,其一部收於少室逸書中,與日本妙嚴尼覆刻之正德本相比,在文字上有出入。此外,隆熙二年(1908),朝鮮梵魚寺開版之禪門撮要卷上亦載錄此論。[楞伽師資記、宗鏡錄卷九十七、禪學思想史卷上(忽滑穀快天)、敦煌劫餘錄卷十三]

中華佛教百科全書 最上乘論解釋如下:

【最上乘論】

一卷。唐 · 弘忍述。收在《大正藏》第四十八冊、《卍續藏》第一一0冊、《禪宗全書》第三十六冊。又名《蘄州忍和上導凡趣聖悟解脫宗修心要論》、《修心要論》、《一乘顯自心論》。

本書主要是繼承、發展四祖道信所主張的守一禪法,強調修持佛法以守心為要。全書采問答的形式揭示行聖道了悟真實宗教的修心要訣,可說是東山法門的綱要書。有多種版本,如明·隆慶四年(1570)朝鮮安心寺刊行本,李氏朝鮮·隆熙元年(1907)及二年朝鮮刊行禪門撮要本,以及日本·正德六年(1716)本、寶曆十三年(1763)本四種。以最上乘論為名;冠有蘄州忍和上撰者名的敦煌寫本則有S.2669S.3558S.4064P.3434P.3559P.3777、龍谷本及歐登柏格本1277等八種。另外又有題名一乘顯自心論的北京本(宇四)。

附︰印順〈修心要論〉(摘錄自《中國禪宗史》第二章第三節)

敦煌本《導凡趣聖悟解脫宗(或作凡趣聖道悟解真宗)修心要論》一卷,有好幾個本子。伯希和本三五五九號,題蘄州忍和上。《續藏》與《大正藏》本,題為《最上乘論》,也作第五祖弘忍大師述。這部論是被傳說為與弘忍有關的。《宗鏡錄》卷九十七說(大正48·940a)︰五祖忍大師云︰欲知法要,心是十二部經之根本。正與論文相合。但《楞伽師資記》說(大正85·1289b)︰忍大師蕭然靜(原作)坐,不出文記。口說玄理,默授於人。在人間有禪法一本,云是忍禪師說者,謬言也。

淨覺(是弘忍再傳)不承認弘忍禪師說,也許就是這部論。近人發現《楞伽師資記》慧可所說部分,與這部論的一部分相近。(中略)

《楞伽師資記》中傳為慧可所說部分,一定是先出的,為《修心要論》所依據。如《修心要論》,就是略說修道明心要法的簡稱。在傳為慧可所說中,全文是次第連貫的。而在《修心要論》中,雖先後的次第相合,卻分散的編在各處。又如對論文字語言為道與靜坐,舉燈喻來說明,出於《大智度論》(大正25·180c),而《修心要論》卻改為無明心中學無為心中學,多一層禪語的色彩。傳為慧可所說的略說修道明心要法實是達摩理入──‘深信含生同一真性,但為客塵妄覆,不能顯了的說明。理入的凝住壁觀堅住不移,就是顒(或作)然守心,及《修心要論》的守本真心了。《修心要論》及附記中說︰上來集此論者,直以信心,依文取義作如是說,實非了了證知。’‘導凡趣聖心決,初菩提達摩以此傳慧可,慧可傳僧璨,僧璨傳道信,道信(傳)大師弘忍,弘忍傳法如,法如傳弟子道秀等。是道信,有杜正倫作碑文。此文,忍師弟子取所聞(而)傳。

全文明明不是弘忍所說的,也不會是慧可。從忍師弟子取所聞傳而論,傳為慧可所說的,倒可能是弘忍所說;再由弘忍後人,擴充改編而成。這部《修心要論》,代表東山門下觀心的一流。

《修心要論》的主題,是︰夫修道之體,自識當身本來清淨,不生不滅,無有分別,自性圓滿清淨之心。此是本師,勝念十方諸佛。

修道,要自識本來清淨的心性(與智敏禪師訓曰︰學道之法……先知心之根源相合)。勸人努力會是守本真心,妄念不生,我所心滅,自然與佛平等不二。論中極力讚歎守本真心說︰此守心者,乃是涅槃之根本,入道之要門,十二部經之宗,三世諸佛之祖。

全文的重點,就是守一守本真心守本淨心。《修心要論》及其前身──《略說修道明心要法》,沒有說念佛看淨,在東山法門中,代表《楞伽》舊傳而著重於觀心的。《略說修道明心要法》曾說到︰若了心源清淨,(中略)解斯舉一千從。這與《入道安心要方便》所引智敏禪師說︰先知心之根源。(中略)一解千從,一迷萬惑相合。《入道安心要方便》引智敏禪師說,《觀無量壽經》說,略舉五事傳大師獨舉守一不移守一不移就是守本真心的依據。《修心要論》的觀心說,近於雜錄部分的第二段說。《修心要論》的初學觀心方便,依《無量壽觀經》︰端坐正身,閉目合口,心(前)平觀(或作),隨意遠近,作一日想守之。與傳為神秀所說的︰若初心人攀緣多,且向心中看一字相近。論中有一段觀心方便,所說極分明,說到懲(應作)意看心,最足以代表看心派的修法。如說︰會是信心具足,志(原作)願成就,緩緩靜心,更重教汝︰好自閒靜身心,一切無所攀緣,端坐正身,令氣息調。征其心︰不在內,不在外,不在中間。好好如如,穩看熟視(或作),則了(原誤作)見此識流動,猶如水流陽焰,業業(或作曄曄)不住。既(見)此識時,唯是不內不外,緩緩穩看熟視,即反覆銷融,虛凝湛住。其此流動之識,颯然自滅。滅此識者,乃是滅十地菩薩眾中障惑。此識滅已,其心虛凝,澹泊皎潔,吾更不能說其形狀。

從道信到弘忍而樹立起來的東山法門,大海一樣的兼收並蓄,決不是但以守本真心為法門的。應從《入道安心要方便》──‘主體部分雜錄部分;《略說修道明心要法》到《修心要論》;更應從東山門下的不同禪門去理會出來。在禪門方便上(大禪師能以多種方便教人),可以看出︰舊傳與新說的融合而又各有所重。楞伽諸佛心文殊說般若一行三昧相統一,成立念佛心是佛即心是佛心淨成佛,成為雙峰與東山法門的標幟。在方便上,著重于《文殊說般若經》的,是念佛的、看淨(空無一物)的。著重於《楞伽經》的,是看心的。從《略說修道明心要法》,到《修心要論》,代表《楞伽》舊傳的特質。這可說是弘忍所傳,也不妨說慧可說的。看心看淨二大流,還不能包括慧能的禪門,慧能是專重文殊所說摩訶般若波羅蜜的一流。

[參考資料] 《宋高僧傳》卷八;《敦煌劫餘錄》卷十三;忽滑穀快天《禪學思想史》卷上。